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Sir John Deane's College
Sir John Deane's College is a sixth form college in Northwich, Cheshire, UK. It was formerly Sir John Deane's Grammar School, which was founded in 1557.
==History==
Sir〔In the 16th century, the title indicated a presbyter with a university degree, rather than a knight. In today's language, he would be the Rev'd John Deane, MA.〕 John Deane was born in Shurlach, between Davenham and the Rudheath district of Northwich, but rose to become Rector of Great St Bartholomew in Smithfield, London,〔In 1893, Old Wittonians placed a brass in Sir John's memory in his former parish church. See 〕 and Prebendary of Lincoln. He worked under both Protestant and Roman Catholic régimes during the English Reformation. He established a grammar school for poor boys in Witton on Michaelmas 1557, "in the name of Jesus". It was to be maintained by feoffees (a kind of charity), who were given land in Chester and the Wirral.,〔 The bold text in the quotation represents small capitals in the original.〕 the result of Sir John's astuteness during the dissolution of the monasteries. As well as prescribing rules for the Feofees, Schoolmaster and schoolboys, the foundation statues record his interest in an old Cheshire custom whereby schoolboys "a weeke before Christynmas and Easter, barre and keep forth of the Schoole the schoolmaster, in such sort is other schollers doe in greete schooles." Sir John required his Grammar School to enforce the custom and allow the boys to play with bows and arrows, "to the end that the Schollars (''sic'') have not any evil opinion of the Schoolmaster."〔 It was generally known as ''Witton Grammar School'', or ''Witton Free Grammar School'', in the early centuries. It had a close relationship with St Helen's Witton, and its early buildings were on the same site.〔 The School had a reputation as hotbed of Puritanism in the early 17th century,〔, p.81.〕 and this is still perhaps its greatest contribution to public life.〔See the section Old Wittonians, above.〕 However, it fell into decline and became the smallest of the .〔 During the early 19th century, the feoffees and the headmaster began legal action in a dispute over the headmaster's salary,〔An early stage of proceedings is described in 〕 and eventually wider mismanagement. The case went to the Court of Chancery and took decades to resolve, sapping much of the school's strength.
In the early 20th century, three financial decisions radically changed the character of the school, by then generally referred to as ''Sir John Deane's Grammar School'' or ''Northwich Grammar School''. Firstly, it received a generous 350th anniversary benefaction from Sir John Brunner, allowing the governors to construct new buildings on its current riverside site. Secondly, the feoffees made poor investment decisions, culminating in the sale of property in Chester, that later became a high-value shopping district.〔These properties were noted for their value even in 1818 (see Carlisle, op.cit.).〕 Thirdly, they decided that in view of the school's long-term financial weakness, the original mandate was best fulfilled by entering the state system. The school came under the auspices of Cheshire County Council as the boys' grammar school for the Northwich area. For some time it continued to have boarders in Riversdale (an old house), which also functioned at times as the headmaster's house. This phase ended in 1977, when RoSLA and the County Council's policy of comprehensive education saw Northwich move from selective, single-sex 11–18 schools to comprehensive mixed 11–16 schools with Sir John Deane's becoming the town's sixth form college.
Echoes of the College's history remain today. Sir John Deane is commemorated in an annual Founder's Day service at St Helen's, usually in October. A large portrait of Sir John Brunner hangs in the College Canteen. There are also subtler signs, such as the fine original buildings, the presence of a flourishing boat club in a state school, and the distinctive college arms.
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